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Series resonance, also known as variable frequency series resonance test device, is composed of a variable frequency power supply, excitation transformer, reactor, and capacitive voltage divider. The capacitor and reactor of the test sample form a series resonant connection; The voltage divider is connected in parallel to the test sample to measure the resonant voltage on the test sample and provide an overvoltage protection signal; The frequency modulation power output is coupled to the series resonant circuit through an excitation transformer, providing excitation power for series resonance.
Definition of series resonance
In an AC circuit with resistor R, inductor L, and capacitor C, series resonance generally results in different phases of voltage and current at both ends of the circuit. If we adjust the parameters or power frequency of circuit components (L or C), we can make their phases the same, and the entire circuit appears purely resistive. When a circuit reaches this state, it is called resonance. In the resonant state, the total impedance of the circuit reaches or approximates its maximum value. The purpose of studying resonance is to understand this objective phenomenon and fully utilize its characteristics in science and applied technology, while also preventing the harm it may cause. There are two types of circuit connections: series resonance and parallel resonance. In a series circuit composed of resistors, inductors, and capacitors, when the capacitive reactance XC is equal to the inductive reactance XL, i.e. XC=XL, the phase of the voltage U and current I in the circuit are the same, and the circuit exhibits pure resistance. This phenomenon is called series resonance (also known as voltage resonance). When a series resonance occurs in the circuit, the impedance of the circuit Z=√ R2+XC-XL2=R, the total impedance in the circuit is minimized, and the current will reach its maximum value.
Principle of series resonance
At the circuit frequency, resonance occurs in the circuit, and the voltage on the test sample is Q times the output voltage of the excitation transformer high voltage end. Q is the system quality factor, which is the voltage resonance multiple, generally ranging from tens to hundreds or more. First, adjust the output frequency of the variable frequency power supply to induce series resonance in the circuit, and then adjust the output voltage of the variable frequency power supply under the condition of circuit resonance to achieve the test value of the sample voltage. Due to the resonance of the circuit, a smaller output voltage of the variable frequency power supply can generate a higher test voltage on the test sample CX.
Advantages of series resonance
1. The required power capacity is greatly reduced. The XB-f series series series series resonance test device uses a resonant reactor and the tested capacitor to generate resonance, thereby obtaining the required high voltage and high current. In the entire system, the power supply only needs to provide the active consumption part of the system. Therefore, the required power supply for the test is only 1/Q times the test capacity (Q is the quality factor).
2. The weight and volume of the equipment have been greatly reduced. In a series resonant power supply, not only is the bulky high-power voltage regulating device and ordinary high-power power frequency test transformer eliminated, but the resonant excitation power supply only requires 1/Q of the test capacity, greatly reducing the system weight and volume, usually 1/5-1/10 of ordinary test devices.
3. Improve the output voltage waveform. A resonant power supply is a resonant filtering circuit that can improve the waveform distortion of the output voltage, obtain a good sine wave, and effectively prevent the false breakdown of the test sample caused by harmonic peaks.
4. Prevent large short-circuit currents from burning the fault point. In the resonant state, when the weak point of the insulation of the test sample is broken down, the circuit immediately becomes detuned (capacitance changes, not meeting the resonance condition), and the circuit current rapidly decreases to 1/Q of the normal test current. However, when using parallel resonance or traditional test transformers for AC withstand voltage testing, the breakdown current immediately increases by tens of times. Compared with the two, the short-circuit current is hundreds of times different from the breakdown current. So, series resonance can effectively identify insulation weaknesses without the concern of large short-circuit currents burning the fault point.
5. There will be no overvoltage recovery. When the test sample experiences breakdown and flashover, due to the loss of resonance conditions, the high voltage immediately disappears, the arc is immediately extinguished, the protective circuit of the device is activated, and the output is cut off.