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When a single port network containing inductive, capacitive, and resistive elements experiences resonance at certain operating frequencies when the waveform phases of the port voltage and current are the same, it is called circuit resonance. A circuit that can resonate is called a resonant circuit. Resonant circuits are widely used in electronic and communication engineering.
RLC series resonant circuit
Figure 12-15 (a) shows the RLC series resonant circuit, and Figure 12-15 (b) is its phasor model
Figure 12-15
Any passive two terminal network composed of resistor R, inductor L, and capacitor C resonates when the input current is in phase with the input voltage. The study of resonance phenomenon has significant practical significance. On the one hand, resonance phenomenon is widely used in frequency selection and filtering circuits in electronic technology. On the other hand, resonance in power systems is indeed very dangerous and should be avoided or suppressed. The RLC series resonance circuit experiment is a routine experiment in "circuit analysis". The purpose of the experiment is to deeply understand and master the resonance conditions, impedance, current, and voltage characteristics of the RLC series resonance circuit, and to measure the resonance characteristic curve by adjusting the signal source frequency.
By combining traditional experiments with simulations, the resonance characteristics of RLC series circuits are measured using traditional experiments. The measurement results indicate that traditional experiments have significant errors in the components, resulting in some experimental data deviating significantly from theoretical values, which is not conducive to our understanding and absorption of theoretical knowledge of series resonant circuits. Therefore, using simulation software as a platform, a series of simulations were conducted to bridge the gap between theoretical learning and traditional experiments, and to investigate the resonance characteristics of RLC series circuits. By comparing the theoretical values, actual measurement values, and software simulation values horizontally, we can also have a certain understanding of the problems that exist in traditional experiments.
The Influence of Quality Factors on Circuit Characteristics
For RLC series resonant circuits, the loop current varies with the frequency of the input signal. At the resonant frequency f0, the loop current is maximum, while in frequency bands far from f0, the loop current is greatly suppressed. This characteristic is called selectivity. The larger the quality factor Q of the circuit, the more the resonance curve of the circuit current shakes. The better the selectivity.
The traditional RLC series resonant circuit experiment has internal resistance in the actual point sensor box, and its resistance value varies with the frequency of the signal source, resulting in significant discrepancies between the resonant frequency and the voltage of each component during resonance and the theoretical calculated values, leading to a disconnect between the experiment and theoretical learning. In order to make up for the problems existing in traditional experiments and deepen our digestion and absorption of theoretical knowledge, simulation software was introduced into the experiment to simulate the frequency characteristics of the voltage of each component and the frequency characteristics of the bribe current under different quality factors. It fills the gap in traditional experiments and allows us to comprehensively and deeply understand the circuit characteristics during resonance.